Netty支持多种服务端的server实例,包括mina、netty等,如下所示:
由于开发者目前使用dubbo几乎都是基于Netty4 的,因此下面的分析就以netty4的NettyServer为例,dubbo启动过程中会调用 NettyServer#doOpen
初始化和启动netty server。这里主要操作就是初始化 bossGroup 和 workerGroup,然后进行bind、设置channelHandler,一个标准的netty初始化启动流程,具体代码如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 protected void doOpen () throws Throwable { bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1 , new DefaultThreadFactory("NettyServerBoss" , true )); workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(getUrl().getPositiveParameter(IO_THREADS_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_IO_THREADS), new DefaultThreadFactory("NettyServerWorker" , true )); final NettyServerHandler nettyServerHandler = new NettyServerHandler(getUrl(), this ); channels = nettyServerHandler.getChannels(); bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class ) .childOption (ChannelOption .TCP_NODELAY , Boolean .TRUE ) .childOption (ChannelOption .SO_REUSEADDR , Boolean .TRUE ) .childOption (ChannelOption .ALLOCATOR , PooledByteBufAllocator .DEFAULT ) .childHandler (new ChannelInitializer <NioSocketChannel >() { @Override protected void initChannel (NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception { int idleTimeout = UrlUtils.getIdleTimeout(getUrl()); NettyCodecAdapter adapter = new NettyCodecAdapter(getCodec(), getUrl(), NettyServer.this ); if (getUrl().getParameter(SSL_ENABLED_KEY, false )) { ch.pipeline().addLast("negotiation" , SslHandlerInitializer.sslServerHandler(getUrl(), nettyServerHandler)); } ch.pipeline() .addLast("decoder" , adapter.getDecoder()) .addLast("encoder" , adapter.getEncoder()) .addLast("server-idle-handler" , new IdleStateHandler(0 , 0 , idleTimeout, MILLISECONDS)) .addLast("handler" , nettyServerHandler); } }); ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.bind(getBindAddress()); channelFuture.syncUninterruptibly(); channel = channelFuture.channel(); }
dubbo启动netty server时,会创建心跳检查的ChannelHandler,从IdleStateHandler的实现来看,它提供针对了 读空闲检测readerIdleTime、写空闲检测writerIdleTime和读写空闲检测allIdleTime的能力,当readerIdleTime、writerIdleTime或者allIdleTime
大于0时,会在channelActive时初始化对应的netty的延时任务。
1 2 3 public IdleStateHandler ( long readerIdleTime, long writerIdleTime, long allIdleTime, TimeUnit unit) { this (false , readerIdleTime, writerIdleTime, allIdleTime, unit); }
当任务到期执行时,会检查上次的读写时间戳是否大于设定的最大空闲时间,如果大于则发送 IdleStateEvent 事件,这时就会触发用户设定的ChannelHandler
的fireUserEventTriggered
回调,针对上述代码来说,就会走到dubbo中org.apache.dubbo.remoting.transport.netty4.NettyServerHandler#userEventTriggered
方法中:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 public void userEventTriggered (ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception { if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) { NettyChannel channel = NettyChannel.getOrAddChannel(ctx.channel(), url, handler); try { logger.info("IdleStateEvent triggered, close channel " + channel); channel.close(); } finally { NettyChannel.removeChannelIfDisconnected(ctx.channel()); } } super .userEventTriggered(ctx, evt); }
默认的心跳超时时间是心跳间隔的3倍,从实现来看,如果心跳超时了,dubbo provider端会主动断开连接,这说明comsumer端可能已经挂了或者重启了。
从上述dubbo启动netty的初始化代码来看,当consumer发出的请求达到provider时,首先要经过解码器InternalDecoder,注意这个解码器只是简单的转发作用,实际上解码工作是靠具体协议对应的解码器的,比如针对dubbo协议来说就是DubboCountCodec。
注意:dubbo provider端的解码流程不是本文的关注重点,因此大家只需知道其流程即可,关于编解码这块后续我会写专门的文章来分析。
consumer的请求数据经过解码之后就到达了dubbo业务处理的ChannelHandler — NettyServerHandler
。
1 2 3 4 5 public void channelRead (ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { NettyChannel channel = NettyChannel.getOrAddChannel(ctx.channel(), url, handler); handler.received(channel, msg); }
关于dubbo中处理各种IO事件,和netty中处理类似也定义了一套处理回调接口,定义如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 public interface ChannelHandler { void connected (Channel channel) throws RemotingException ; void disconnected (Channel channel) throws RemotingException ; void sent (Channel channel, Object message) throws RemotingException ; void received (Channel channel, Object message) throws RemotingException ; void caught (Channel channel, Throwable exception) throws RemotingException ; }
传递给dubbo处理器,会走到MultiMessageHandler处理器,由于dubbo定义的各种处理器实际上就是责任链的体现,为了方便看流程,先看下大致的处理涉及的类图:
MultiMessageHandler:提供了针对多请求的处理能力;
HeartbeatHandler:是针对心跳请求的处理逻辑,如果是心跳请求,则更新心跳时间戳,然后直接返回,这时是不会传递个接下来的处理器的;
AllChannelHandler:all线程模型的实现,这是dubbo provider端默认的线程模型,这种线程模型把所有事件都直接交给业务线程池进行处理了。
注意:dubbo的provider线程池模型不是本文关注的重点,因此大家理解节课,后续dubbo provider线程池模型这块后续我会写专门的文章来分析。
将请求数据传递给dubbo provider端的线程池来处理之后,接下来就是dubbo真正的业务处理流程了。也到了本文该结束的时刻了,关于dubbo provider后续的处理流程解析,欢迎大家看接下来的文章哈。